Don's "Whom We Might Be" Story

This website page shares many relevant historical perspectives about "us" that I've found to be of interest…
   > The many, many events that occurred in the early millennia of the Earth
   > Our Solar System
   > The early life of our planet
   > The amazing time of the Dinosaurs
   > The possibilities of an alien species
   > Those events that occurred for us as human existence began,
         and in the Stone Age
   > The fascinating Roman events & the difficult years in the Medieval Ages
   > The many things that occurred since my childhood years in my eDiaries
   > An AI-created summary of the key aspects of this page
   > An hour-long video on YouTube also shares a great perspective of most of this website!
Visit some of the many things that lie ahead of us, my personal profile and my website summary page? Enjoy!

To begin, I'll share that the 1st publication of this page ( as of this writing, April 2026 ) was ∼10 years ago…
I'd lived for ∼60 years or so back then, and using the Gregorian Calendar ( vs. a sundial ), I calculated this period to have been ∼346,000 wide-awake hours, thinking about many, many things…

The time-frame coincidentally spanned the intersection of two Millennia: the 1,000's & the 2,000's… with some luck ( & some medical help! ), I do hope to live on into the 2080's ;)

It was also *extremely* good luck that my life didn't begin several hundred years earlier, as shared below!

My paternal familial surname of Shave is presumed to have evolved over hundreds of years from people in Northern Germany, where tribal names like "Schave" existed… No-one of that name is (yet) in my tree data!
In 1991, my Dad found & shared some presumptions about our surname: ( click it to view? )
Similar spellings, such as "Stave" / "Shade" / "Shane" / "Shake" / "Shack" / "Shaver" / "Schave" / "Shive" / "Shaw" / "Shadel" ( and several others ) are each from the Oxford Dictionary of British Family Names (©) 2016, Oxford University Press which contains more than 45,000 surnames. Each of these names were assessed by me for possible usage & is the most comprehensive research resource that I've found to date!

Also, while it's not a direct path, my presumed ancient Germanic ancestors may well have been of Celtic descent… Their origin remains a mystery—scholars currently believe that the Celts originated in the steppes ( around the 7th century BC ) that are beyond the Caspian Sea in the areas of central Europe, east of the river Rhine. They inhabited much of NE France & SW Germany by 500 BC, and crossed over the Alps & expanded into the Balkans in northern Italy around the 3rd century BC. From there they later reached the British Isles, occupying most of western Europe, creating the Druids

While there are still unproven theories about the Celts & Druids building Stonehenge ( see another view here? ), they did arrive there many millennia after it's creation

So… briefly looking "Outside of Myself" for a minute, the many bazillions of tiny atoms that are each sized between 1078 to 1082 in μm units ( view the standard definition for the 1078th numbers here? ) in our observable universe are sized at around 10-8cm, one of the many factors that allowed us humans to evolve…

Aside from the fact that our Universe today ( since it's creation 13.77 billion years ago ) was actually made from bazillions of combinations ( a PDF ) of just 3 hyper-tiny submicroscopic particles ( electrons w/just 2 quarks, one up & one down ), we all come from Ancient Stardust—a scientific theory that I strongly believe to be true!

I do continue to search for new active clues about the start of our human existence, as well as its' probable end…
    1 ) Assuming that a "Big Bang" was an actual fact ( which I do ), what caused the occurrence of the Singularity
          event 13.77 billion years ago? More on this below…
    2 ) Why did we not begin evolving until quite some time after the extremely nasty Hadean Eon period?
    3 ) How ( & from where? ) did the early Earth actually get its bazillions of gallons of water?
    4) What *actually* caused life to begin on Earth, with microscopic bugs arriving from space perhaps ½ a billion
          years after Earth's creation ( & after the arrival of water! ) and at around 538.8 million years ago,
          the formation of the Cambrian period sea creatures?
    5 ) It does seem that "We Were Once Worms"—why is that?
    6 ) How will our Universe actually End, & when?
Theories do abound for my such hard-to-answer thoughts ( & for others! ) that are frequently in my mind!

The species of Homo Sapiens came into existence ∼313,600 years ago after evolving from those tiny mammalian animals on our Earth… These ancestors 1st appeared in the Late Permian age ( ∼260 million years ago ) evolving from a furry, warm-blooded reptile, a "Cynodont" that survived the Permian–Triassic Extinction that was 251 million years ago. View more info here & watch Sean B. Carroll's YouTube informative PDF session?

Our ancestors were dominated for millions of years by the reptiles of that time, the Dinosaurs, who had peaked during the Jurassic period ( see note 8a? ); they were destroyed 66 million years ago with the catastrophic arrival of a 6-mile-wide asteroid, allowing those tiny mammals to grow larger, becoming us ∼ 7 million years ago…

At the boundary between the Cretaceous era ( the last geological period of the Mesozoic ) and the Tertiary era, a huge asteroid came rushing out of space at the enormous velocity of about 56 **thousand** miles per hour ( 25km per second ), impacting the Earth at the tip of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico and it penetrated the Earth's crust down to a depth of several kilometers. This vaporized the ocean, completely melting & shattering the entire Yucatan Peninsula—the asteroid's rock was composed of carbonate & sulphate, and created a deep crater ( now named "Chicxulub" ) some 200km in diameter

Over a very short period of time ( just a few minutes ) several hundred billion tons of CO2, SO2 and water vapor were released by the vaporized target rock & injected high into the Earths Exosphere… An abrupt & global perturbation of the entire Earth's daily systems followed: the climate became unstable, the fine dust suspended in the atmosphere blocked sunlight for many decades, decreasing & stopping photosynthesis

This ecological catastrophe is believed to have caused the famous Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary mass extinction, which saw the demise of the Dinosaurs ( see note 8b? ) destroying >50% of the Earth's fauna & flora on land & in the oceans. The 1st event of 5 ( which I discovered in May, 2026 ) in the hour-long published video story, "The Most Catastrophic Events in Earth's History" describes this disaster very well

The actual timing was an amazing coincidence… had the asteroid hit just a few minutes earlier, it would have crashed into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean ( vs. into the Yucatan ) or a few minutes later, where it would have hit the Pacific. Either of these would **not** have forced the darkening of the skies for decades, as the rocks that it blasted out of the Yucatan ( ∼13% of the entire Earth ) up into the Exosphere would not have happened…
    We then wouldn't even exist at all as those Dinosaurs would still be ruling the Earth today!

Moving on to a Historical Report, advising that ∼117 billion of our ancestors all departed from their lives…

Humans lived during the 10,000-year Holocene epoch which is sadly starting to crash…

Click the matrix to expand it?

About 8 billion people are living on our planet today; see more info in note 1?

The key factors that will drive our growth are Population, Prosperity & Climate-change. We can also anticipate that there will be ∼9.8—10.4 billion people from our next few generations, with most of the coming increases in and around Africa & Asia, where many difficulties will exist around water availability & other future complexities

Returning from "looking outside of myself," I am now going to share a conceptual tree that shows how our branch actually took root 12- or 13-million years ago…

A great-ape ( view the matrix? ) in Africa became our "GGG-Grandmother" ( with many, many GG's! ) whom I shall name as "Ms. Yiayiá," from the Greeks…
    As a brief aside, while this idea can only ever be "a theory" until science advances further, discovering more in the future,
        I happen to personally support this concept very deeply!
    My views here are from the logical assessment of what the "very top of our tree" would have actually looked like, a set of threads from
        Charles Darwin's concepts about the evolution of humans & an improved view of all life from Richard Dawkins; details are shared below

Ms. Yiayiá ( who will sadly remain unknowable other than with my conceptual assessment ) is imagined here as the "Concestor 1" in Richard Dawkins' book "The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life" ( note 3b )

She was the "Common Mother" of our Australopithecus group, whom I've imagined to have birthed 2 daughters without any kind of "religious" marriage or rings on her fingers, nor any Christian baptisms for her children…
    Such religious references, thoughts & comments throughout this page are *exclusively* my opinion

One of her many presumed children was a daughter, whom I've named as "Baba" became the 1st Mother of today's Chimpanzee's, and another daughter whom I've named as "Gigi" became the 1st Mother ( not the Biblical Eve ) of our Homo Sapiens species branch…

Gigi's offspring then evolved, branching & spreading out from their original home in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa ( with other possible locations ) across the world ( note 2 ) where our Homo Sapiens ancestral branch actually began ∼313,600 years ago ( ∼115,500,000 days & quite frightening nights ), a very long, long time ago…

A detailed view of human prehistory is viewable here and another is here; also watch this PBS video report for an African perspective? Interestingly enough, our mitochondrial DNA ( which came into each of us through our mothers; see note 2c? ) can be traced back to the start of our tree branch & possibly further. A map of our evolution is attached to my online profile here ( scroll down to view the image in the "Story" event? ), showing who we once were, & where we once lived…

Many other threads surrounding the descending familial tree line of Ms. Yiayiá are caught below in my timeline

The geologic ancestors of Ms. Yiayiá are another fascinating story… Richard Dawkins ( note 3a ) wrote one of the best books that I've ever read, sharing the idea that we are descended from many, many "Concestors" which he defines ( on p.7 of his book ) as:
      "[…] in a backward chronology, the ancestors of any set of species must eventually meet at a particular
      Geologic moment… the last common ancestor that they all share, what I shall call their 'Concestor' […]"
making his book a very worthy tale!!

Some key points of the "evolution of us" are:
      a) our 4 fingers/thumb on each hand ( with which I typed out this story! ) from the fins of a fish,
      b) a pair of eyeballs ( with which you're currently reading this! ),
      c) our gut which evolved from those worms, 550 million years ago (below) &
      d) how we became 2-legged upright walkers
We normally think very little of these things ( unless hammering on a nail & missing [ ouch ! ] or catching some dust with one of our eyes ), these are each *extremely* early developments, far, far before the "Concestor 1"…

Those tiny worms ( the size of a grain of rice ) lived as Dawkins' "Concestor 26" on the seafloors about 555 million years ago, consuming organic matter & evolving to become our digestive tract:
   > A mouth ( to chew up stuff );
   > The throat, where we swallow our food ( & coincidentally where we breathe & speak! );
   > A tube that carries food down to our stomach, where the digestion is done;
   > Another tube continues on down ( & around ) from our stomach, absorbing the digested food;
   > As it reaches the end of that tube, it is passed out as poop, possible as food for other creatures…

With the Cambrian explosion about 540 million years ago, fish & other creatures developed fins & eyes a very, very long time before they left the ocean to come ashore about 375 million years ago…

A scientific report published in February, 2024 shared that our very distant cousins ( "Sea Lampreys" ) used a very similar genetic toolkit to build each of our hindbrains… view the article here? Many details are embedded here, but the Hox genes, which orchestrate the structuring & subdividing of our brains also regulate this process in the Sea Lamprey—quite a find!

Looking further back into the ancient history of all of the life on Earth, the idea of our "LUCA" ( Last Universal Common Ancestor ) was first used in the 1990's to propose a theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process, shared by Charles Darwin's 1859 "On the Origin of Species" book… while there's zero evidence of this ( not preservable ) it does seem to be the root!

My thought (above) on how we learned to walk upright ( note 3d ) on two legs vs. our 4-legged ancestral apes was from a discovery around the structure of a skull from a **very** small 10-million-year-old ape of the "Rudapithecus hungaricus" species that was found & documented in 1985… a more recent complete skeleton was found near an old mining town in Rudabánya, Hungary, Central Europe, which is known for its picturesque turquoise-blue quarry water. Each find shared the pelvic structure, a rare skeletal event, that led to more & better insight into the ancestors of African apes & humans which had been incorrectly assessed as walking on two legs just 6- or 7-million years ago ( note 3e )

These threads ( & many other attributes ) are shared in an interesting documentary video, "Your Inner Fish" by one of the PBS stations in the US of A on April 9, 2014 ( note 3c ), which shares the idea that we evolved from that little fish that climbed up out of the water, as well as in Jeff Lewis' evolution thoughts…

Moving on, while the "Story of Us" did begin an enormously long time ago ( by our human standards ), many of the ancient activities & events have been understood & validated by our today's scientists & their predecessors… the intervening years ( prior to the arrival of Dawkins' "Concestor 1," above ) are filled with simply incredible things:

as well as many, many others…

Today's knowledge of our Universe ( note 4a ) suggests that a "Big Bang" ( aka a Singularity, note 4b ) created all of the initial basic matter 13.77 billion years ago A model of the expanding universe opening up from the viewer's left, facing the viewer in a 3/4 pose. ( click to view full-size? )
The image visually represents the Evolution of our Universe—the far left depicts the earliest moment that can be probed, when a period of "inflation" produced a burst of exponential growth in the Universe; size is depicted by the vertical extent of the grid in this graphic

The afterglow light ( shown in the image above ) was emitted about 375,000 years after the inflation ended & has traversed the Universe largely unimpeded since then; the conditions of earlier times are imprinted on this light—it also forms a backlight for later developments. Over several billion years, the expansion gradually slowed down ( all matter pulled on itself via gravity ) but it began to speed up again as the repulsive effects of dark energy have come to dominate the expansion

Although this can only be an estimate ( with nothing but scientific guesses! ) it may all simply evaporate with the expansion of normal & dark matter at the very end of time!

The question of possible ancient alien species does continue… Brian Cox, PhD, Professor of Particle Physics, University of Manchester, England shared this fascinating video perspective in early 2026:

Enrico Fermi is one of the great physicists—a legendary Italian physicist who laid many of the foundations of modern 20th-century physics. If you do a degree in physics, you will spend a lot of time revising the equations and the theories that Fermi did. The Fermi paradox is probably the thing he spent the least time on; it was almost one throwaway remark that he delivered, and the question is: "Where are they?"

By "they," Enrico meant aliens…

**The Heart of the Fermi Paradox**
The heart of the Fermi paradox is this: We know that we live in a big old galaxy in a big old universe. Let's confine ourselves to the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way, we now know, has something like 400 billion suns, and most of those suns have planetary systems around them—so trillions of planets. The galaxy has been around for pretty much the age of the universe, 10 billion years plus, so there’s been plenty of time for civilizations to develop. The paradox is the statement that notwithstanding the fact that there have been billions of years on billions of worlds for civilizations to arise, we see no evidence of any of them in the galaxy at all

**Resolving the Paradox**
If we accept that we haven't seen any—that there isn't a UFO sat in some warehouse in Roswell—how do we resolve these contradictions? One answer is that life didn't get complex. On this planet, one thing we needed was time. We have evidence that life was present 3.8 billion years ago, but it took nearly 4 billion years to go from the origin of life to a civilization. That is one-third of the age of the universe

A possible answer is that Earth is unique because it was stable enough—the climate and conditions were stable enough for long enough—for life to go from cell to civilization. That’s a big ask. An unbroken chain of life existed for almost 4 billion years notwithstanding a violent universe. No supernova exploded nearby, and no impact was big enough to break the chain. This is the "Rare Earth" or "Rare Solar System" hypothesis

Another possibility is that they are here, but they are beyond our comprehension. They could have sent nano-machines the size of an iPhone that we have no way of detecting. We could be fooled into thinking there are no advanced civilizations because their technology is so advanced

There is also the "Space Travel Argument." Even with our current technology, a civilization could cover a galaxy in a relatively short time—perhaps 100 million years—using self-replicating "Von Neumann" machines. Once a single successful replicator is launched, the galaxy should be covered. The absence of them suggests no civilization has ever reached that point

**Behavior and Wisdom**
Maybe civilizations choose to remain hidden—the "Dark Forest" or "Quarantine" hypothesis. They might choose to remain silent so as not to draw attention to themselves. I find it difficult to believe given human history; we have broadcast radio signals and launched probes like Voyager with maps to our solar system. Carl Sagan argued that a sufficiently advanced civilization might be wise enough to have overcome primitive instincts like war and colonization. Maybe it’s a "Prime Directive" where advanced beings decide never to interfere

**The Great Filter**
Another explanation is that civilizations flower and die like rare orchids, never overlapping in time. But the most terrifying idea is "The Great Filter." This filter can lie in our future or our past. If it lies in our future, it means civilizations get to where we are—developing nuclear power and industry—but something stops them from becoming a multi-planetary species. I don’t see anything in the laws of nature that would stop us, other than potentially our own stupidity. It could be that scientific prowess exceeds political wisdom. Once a civilization can destroy itself with nuclear or biological weapons, or AI, it might do so inexorably because it’s too difficult to manage that power

However, my favorite guess is that the filter is in our past and it is biological. Life began 3.8 billion years ago, but for 3 billion years, there was nothing more complex than a single cell. The evolution of the eukaryotic cell—the foundation of all multicellular life—seems to have happened only once. It’s called the "fateful encounter hypothesis." If it typically takes 4 billion years to go from cell to civilization, there may be very few planets stable enough for that to happen

**Our Responsibility**
My guess is that while there might be microbes all over the place, there is only one civilization in the Milky Way, and that’s us. This means we have a tremendous responsibility not to mess this up. If we are the only island of meaning in a sea of 400 billion suns and we destroy this, we might destroy meaning in the galaxy forever

Of course, I would be delighted to be proven wrong. Every scientist should be delighted to be wrong because that means you’ve learned something new about the universe!
    I used the Gemini online search tool to extract this text (that I tweaked a little) from the source

Moving on, our Milky Way galaxy ( with ∼400 billion stars ) has the Orion Arm ( along with several others ) where our Sun resides, allowing all of the life on Earth ( the plants, fish, birds, animals, bugs and insects, etc ) to exist… The Sun (presumably) self-ignited ∼4.6 billion years ago ( note 5 ) subsequently creating our planet & others…

Our planet, the Earth, which, with all of it's water cooling enough ∼3.8 billion years ago, allowed our ancient life forms ( note 6 ) to begin about 3.5 billion years ago… The stromatolites that surrounded the ocean's coasts began increasing the oxygen in the atmosphere ( view the WiKi page & the Biospheres chart? ), allowing life to begin on land when enough oxygen was generated for creatures to come out of the sea

An ozone layer in the upper atmosphere had arrived ∼600 million years ago, protecting all living things from the harmful wavelengths of UV radiation. There was damage to the layer by the human use of CFCs for refrigerators, air conditioners, & aerosol sprays, detected in the 60's, corrected today

Our evolution into the Homo Sapiens species ( note 9 ) started with the beginnings of our improved brains ∼2.3 million years ago… as our ancient ancestors, Homo Habilis began to appear when the Australopithecines faded away, we were living alongside them in Africa they increased their brains' capacity…
  Click ( twice? ) on any species shown in the chart for details?

Our Cerebral Cortex had already been expanding for quite some time, but the arrival of the "Broca's area" was the key to better communication, improving human speech from "grunt-grunt-grunt" to "Hey, get me that beer?" ( yes, they likely had something like Mead back then! ) as well as pretty much everything that existed for them

From a little further back in time, a tiny 3-feet-high Australopithecine skeleton from 3+million years ago was discovered in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa and was named as "Lucy" ( note 12a ); she is tagged here as a great-great-…grandchild of Gigi and with the older find, both are above?

In November of 1974, the anthropologist Donald Johanson caught a glint of a white fossilized bone out of the corner of his eye at Hadar in Ethiopia, recognizing it as this hominin, becoming famous; Richard & Mary Leakey have also done significant work in this region

My ongoing research into this "Whom we might have been" page recently found another connection to our Homo Sapiens species ( also shared above ) into our historical beginnings that is far, far earlier than all had thought!

The earliest confirmed footprints that are like ours are today dated back to ∼313,600 years ago, published November 10th, 2022… [quote] after collecting samples from the various levels [in the dig], & another two [taken] later to compare the first results, the age of the fossil remains was established & points to the Middle Pleistocene, a crucial moment between different climatic stages: between a warm period, MIS 9 ( 360,000-300,000 years ago ), in transition to MIS 8 ( 300,000-240,000 years ago ), in which a major glaciation took place. The age is thus specified at 295,800 years, with a margin of error of 17,800 years, according to the data collected from the four samples of sedimentary levels in the cliffs of El Asperillo where the site was found, initially 87 footprints, which now has a record of more than 300 footprints, of which 10% are considered well-preserved [end-quote…]

Previously, a research-based discovery of our ( then ) earliest ancestors had pushed the date back by 60,000 years from what was then thought as 195,000 years ago ( 233k+/-22k years ); this work was done in the Omo Kibish Formation, where stratigraphic descriptions & sampling were carried out during two field seasons in 2017 & 2018

A recent discovery of another ancestral branch, preliminarily named as "Homo naledi" ( another view ) was a group
that lived in South Africa between 335,000 & 241,000 years ago at the same time as the early Homo Sapiens; an excellent Origins website is provided for these & other African ancestors by the team at the WI University!

Concepts of religiosity that surround these ancient burials—marked by symbolic rituals rather than by just the practical disposal of a body—can generally be traced back to the Middle Paleolithic period, between 100,000 & 300,000 years ago. While the act of burying the dead may have began earlier for hygiene, the "religious" shift is identified by the presence of grave goods, specific body positioning, & the use of pigments
  References ( below ) are from the Gemini online search tool [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

Key evidence of early burial religiosity is from many places: burials in the Skhul & Qafzeh caves in Israel are often cited as the earliest definitive "ritual" burials, dating to approximately 100,000 to 130,000 years ago. These early Homo sapiens were found with items like wild boar mandibles & sea shells, & their bodies were often stained with red ochre, a pigment strongly associated with symbolic or spiritual meaning

The Shanidar cave in Iraq is famous for\ Neanderthal remains dating back 35,000 to 65,000 years. The discovery of pollen around a skeleton led to the "Flower Burial" theory, suggesting a ritual honoring of the dead. Though recent studies suggest the pollen may have been deposited by bees, the site remains a focal point for debating Neanderthal spirituality

The Tinshemet cave in Israel has recent discoveries (circa 2025) of 100,000-year-old remains found in specific fetal positions with pebbles sourced from hundreds of kilometers away suggest complex, non-practical ceremonies. Homo naledi in South Africa had controversial findings in the Rising Star cave system that suggest intentional burial as far back as 240,000 to 335,000 years ago. If verified as ritualistic, this would significantly push back the timeline of symbolic thought
  References [ 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]

Indicators of religious intent are where archaeologists look for specific "non-utilitarian" behaviors to identify religiosity… Grave Goods hold items like jewelry, tools, or food buried with the deceased, implying they might need these things in an afterlife. Specific Positioning with placing the body in a fetal (flexed) or oriented position, which requires more effort than simple disposal. Pigments: the use of red ochre is widely considered a precursor to religious art & symbolic communication
  References [ 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 19, 20, 21 ]

Reference sources ( not quite perfect! ): 1  2  3  4  5, 17  6, 18  7, 12, 15  8  9, 16  19  11  13  14  19  20  21

As a related & more recent look around my data on burials, I've cherry-picked just a few of the "key stories" from the Christian Standard Bible ( view my Biblical notes? ) where the various Bibles ( Christian, Gnostic & others ) are reported to hold 255 stories, published by John Walsh in 2011

My 1st story is from the Book of Genesis which is in both the Torah and the Christian Bible; it shares perhaps the most significant event that surrounded the creation of today's Christian Bible…

In 1947, the discovery of the hidden Hebrew scrolls ( see another view ? ) that had been created by Jewish scribes in Jerusalem. When the Romans invaded & occupied Jerusalem in 63 BC, many of the scrolls were taken away by Christian priests to avoid their destruction, presumably carried by camels through the desert mountains

The scrolls ( created between 250 BC & the arrival of the Romans ) were stored in dozens of sealed clay jars, hidden away from everyone for ∼1,900 years in 11 of the Qumran Caves near the Dead Sea, just 15 miles from Jerusalem & 6 miles south of Jericho; also see the Ethiopian bible discussion below?

A recent DNA analysis of a fragment of a scroll from the caves discovered that it had been made on the skin of a goat; a DNA match of another one ( found in a different cave ) suggests that they were developed together
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The 2nd well-known Biblical event is the Noah's Ark story… God apparently directed Noah to save his family & pairs of every animal kind from a global flood, designed by God to "punish human wickedness." The ark was "made of gopherwood, coated in pitch", and was "about 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high", featuring three decks

The flood then started with water than came from both "the springs of the great deep," bursting forth & "very heavy rain that lasted for 40 days & nights"… it deeply covered the earth for 150 days, drowning everything alive The ark then "came to rest on the mountains of Ararat" as the waters began to recede, and Noah rebuilt the world

True? Yes for those who believe, but it is just an allegory; see a WiKi perspective too?
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3rd is that the Israelites ( the Jewish people ) escaped from Egypt as shared in the 2nd Biblical Book of Exodus, in both the Torah and the Christian Bible

The Biblical story of the Ten Plagues that were "cast upon Egypt by God as divine punishments for the Pharaoh’s refusal to free the Israelites from captivity" occurred (perhaps) between 1279 BC and 1213 BC… Archaeological & environmental research suggests that such periods of climate stress may have contributed to social & environmental disruptions in ancient Egypt—studies of stalagmites found in Egyptian caves show that there could have been a period of prolonged drought during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II, believed by some scholars to be the Egyptian king depicted in the Book of Exodus

As they were escaping through the Sea of Reeds (the Red Sea), the prophet Moses parted the Red Sea allowing the Israelites to escape from the pursuing Egyptian forces—the army were then drowned as Moses allowed the waters to return
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The 4th significant event in the Book of Exodus is that Israelites traveled for 40 years under the leadership of Moses, wandering through the Sinai desert, a 23,500-square-mile arid, triangular peninsula in Egypt linking Africa and Asia, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, and Gulf of Aqaba
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The Israelite laws were created around this time, based on the Biblical story of the 10 Commandments, the 5th significant event that I will share here… Moses was called by God to go up upon Mount Sinai ( or possibly Mount Horeb ) to receive them, bringing down two stone tablets that shared ( in summary ) that 1) There are no other gods, 2) No idols, 3) Do not take God's name in vain, 4) Keep the Sabbath holy, 5) Honor parents, 6) Do not kill, 7) No adultery, 8) No stealing, 9) No false witness, and 10) Do not covet

View these in detail as you need?
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While I may share more Biblical threads at some future point ( after this writing in April of 2026 ), I'll wrap up this segment with 3 related thoughts…

My 1st perspective surrounds the Christian God known as Yahweh… This Biblical entity is added as a part of my family tree, which ( at the end of the page ) references "El Elyon;" he appears in certain versions of Genesis 14:18-20 where he ( "Melchizedek" ) is described as "God Most High"

2nd is Jerusalem, the city of the Israelites. It was built up into a city during the late-8th century BC by Hezekiah, the King of Judah… King Solomon, David's son in the Christian Bible later extended the city walls to include both the Temple and the Temple Mount, creating today's place of prayer where millions of Jewish visitors and priests, ranging from Orthodox to secular, visit the Western Wall ( see a WiKi view ) to pray… I was blessed in November of 2006 to have visited the Wall in Jerusalem during my work in Haifa

As my 3rd thought, visit my view of the Romans below?
   Watch this space for more details!

Moving back from my threads that surround both the burials & the Christian Bible, the "Neanderthals" ( pronounced "NeanderTals" ) were 1st discovered in 1856 ( see another view? ) by miners, quarrying the limestone & found human remains in a cave ( that was later destroyed by extensive quarry work ) named "Kleine Feldhofer Grotte"
( a "Little Feldhofer Grotto" in English ) near the Neander valley near Düsseldorf, Germany… also see note 12b?

The remains of 15 Denisovans were also found in the Dinaledi Chamber in 2008, a very deep part of the Rising Star Cave system in South Africa, making it one of the largest single fossil hominid caches known. Both the Neanderthal & Denisovan remains appear to have graves that show that their families held burial beliefs; a Netflix documentary review shares some critical info as science has not yet settled the issue…

These ancestors each evolved from our presumed common ancestor about ½ a million years ago, perhaps from the Homo heidelbergensis, the Homo antecessor or even another ancient species—research continues as of this writing

The Neanderthals lived in Europe with far larger brains than ours ∼400,000 years ago, with no apparent religious tokens or perspectives; they were also a highly-thoughtful race of people, burying their dead under stones with flowers

While they were still around ∼40,000 years ago ( there is fossil evidence ), their final extinction may have arrived near to that time; no-one really knows why or how, just that they are gone, possibly killed off by diseases or as they were cross-bred with us…

The multiple threads of "who was related to whom" ( or Biblically, "who begat whom" ) during the distant past years continue to be highly debated, with no apparent prayers or religious events occurring for any of them…

A related thought is the almost-disastrous human species event that occurred about 75,000 years ago: a super-volcano ( note 10 ) in present-day Lake Toba ( which is in Sumatra, Indonesia ) blew itself to smithereens, bringing the active pool of human-mating pairs down to less than 1,000 couples… we were almost completely wiped out! The 2nd event (of 5, at 8:40) in the hour-long published video story, "The Most Catastrophic Events in Earth's History" describes this catastrophe very well

The people that became "us" evolved from those cave-dwellers—that all started with them moving away from the Rift Valley in Africa ( perhaps 1.5 million years ago ), breaking stones into tools & their control of fire that allowed them to cook their hunted meats…

A thread of our many ancient artworks was the discovery of a pair of 2-inch slivers of rock by Christopher Henshilwood's team in the Blombos caves ( 180 miles east of Cape Town, Africa ) in 1999/2000. The two red-ochre stones have etched symbolic patterns & are from 77,000 years ago, currently reported by archaeologists as the oldest works of art in the world. The rock art is twice as old as the Stone Age cave paintings ( see below? ), clearly demonstrating that humans living at this time possessed modern patterns of thought

Another is the cave paintings, a part of the ancient works of art ( notes 11 & 12c ), found in Southern France & in other places ( with no actual religious specificity, although they are clearly cultural in nature ) that date back roughly 40,000 years ago ( scientific analysis of the art ); they were often "signed" by stenciling the hand of the author, exactly like yours & mine! One of these males ( another great-great-…-grandchild of Gigi's ) was one of our individual GGG-Grandfathers, perhaps 2,500 generations back

A 3rd fascinating cultural discovery was of clay models for the earliest-known representation of the hand-held-sized female "Venus figurines" ∼29,000 years ago—most commonly found in a) the Gravettian area of the French Upper Périgordian, b) the Czech Pavlovian & c) the West Russian Kostenkian. The figurines each include a downturned head with no face, thin arms which end at ( or cross over at ) the breasts, voluminous breasts & buttocks, a prominent abdomen ( interpreted as pregnancy ), tiny & bent legs, and pegged ( or unnaturally short ) feet. They vary in proportion, & it is still debated if this is due to material choice or if they were intentional design choices; it is suggested that the Venuses from Eastern European have an emphasis on breasts & stomach, whereas the Western European ones emphasize hips & thighs

The people described above spread out from Africa across Europe ( & around the planet ) during the Stone Age:
   > Evolving from cave-dwelling hunters to a life of wandering gatherers
   > Knapping flint rocks & obsidian for skinning their catches & kills—the earliest ones
         ( see additional reported views here and here? )
       were found in a 2011 dig in Kenya, Africa, & are aged to about 3.3 million years ago;
       they were used for cutting/grinding antlers & bones into sharp tools to sew & assist with our lives
   > Managing our fires
   > Poking those saber-tooth tigers and cave bears ( & their ilk ) in the eye…
They did survive, becoming us…

During the Upper Paleolithic ∼30,000 years ago, the "Last Glacial Maximum" occurred, allowing the glaciers to start shrinking to free up our existence, rock-painting traditions began in Bhimbetka, India ( which presently is the densest-known concentration of rock art ) where ∼800 rock shelters contain paintings & the earliest ovens were found—our civilization began

Our human ancestors ( along with others, such as the Neanderthals ) that survived the Quaternary Ice Ages
( a 2-column/18-page detailed PDF ) were simply the key to our roots and to the Christian Bible…

Today's Ice Age ( the Quaternary, the latest of our 5 ancient frozen ages ) began 2.8 million years ago. The glacial ice across the Earth had melted back ∼18,000 years ago, bringing us the Neolithic Age, and creating the first "Agricultural Revolution" ( note 13a )

This age is where today's world of farming had begun as the ice had receded… In Yuval Noah Harari's 2014 book, "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" he describes wheat as something that we "did not domesticate it—it domesticated us;" this is in the chapter "The Biggest Fraud in History," discussing the Agricultural Revolution.
He argues that from a viewpoint of evolutionary success, wheat manipulated Homo sapiens into abandoning their comfortable hunter-gatherer lifestyle for a life of hard labor, weeding & watering to ensure the survival and the spread of our wheat plants

Animal husbandry ( with no apparent plan or guidance, especially not from some "Supreme Being's" guidance ) also began ∼11,500 years ago, in a place known as "The Fertile Crescent" ( note 13b ), an ancient region between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers in Iraq & in parts of Kuwait, Syria & Turkey

Cultural ideas ( religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism & others ) began to appear in various places around that time as shared above. The Christianic concept of the fertile crescent area is one of the 1st threads that appears in the 1st book in the King James' Bible ( see the WiKi page? ), the Book of Genesis… The King James Bible was created in 1604 from several earlier versions in the 1500's & shared in others today as: "God had planted a Garden in the East, in Eden"

A very significant non-Biblical event for our species occurred ∼12,800 years ago —the "Younger Dryas" that began at the end of the Ice Age (above)… this is the 3rd event of 5 (at 17:40) in the hour-long video story, "The Most Catastrophic Events in Earth's History" that describes this disastrous event very well

North America had many major floods during the Last Glacial Maximum of the Ice Age over the last 100,000 years or so, where the glaciers were melting and retreating; these events created the Channeled Scablands in the Columbia Plateau of the Washington state. It today spreads out for over 16,000 square miles, with hundreds of dry waterfalls, canyons without rivers that might have carved them (called “coulees”), mounds of gravel as tall as skyscrapers, deep holes in the bedrock that would swallow entire city blocks, and countless oddly-placed boulders. All across SW Washington, fertile rolling hills border the eroded tracts of volcanic basalt, as if Kansas farmland and Utah canyon land had been chopped up and sewed together into a topographical Frankenstein scenario

These were each carved out by more than 100 huge floods ( some cataclysmic ) over thousands of years, caused by the glacial lakes breaking through their ice dams and sweeping across eastern Washington. The last of these
( named as the Younger Dryas, above ) occurred from several **huge** fragments of an ancient large comet ( where far smaller fragments do continue to hit us twice every year—with nothing large yet! ) that had been smashed to pieces in an earlier massive collision
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A catastrophic event was from the wrecking of the packed ice that laid across North America, destroying everything & creating a massive flood. An enormous ice-blocked lake broke free from the surrounding ice, cascading the flood across the land, a part of the many Channeled Scablands events, shared above. This flood drowned & destroyed many of our ancestral people, along with many of the ancient places on the coasts and in the valleys as the seas all rose back up from their shallow depths of 120-130 meters below today's depth; also see a scientific view and the Silurian hypothesis?

These places have many historical facts and stories told about them, such as the Noah’s Ark event in the Bible, the loss of the fields of wheat planted ∼12,800 years ago with the "trial cultivation" at the Ohalo II site in Israel ( which dates back ∼23,000 years ), the vanishing of the Doggerland peninsula that connected ancient Britain to Europe, the (hypothetical) island city of Atlantis, the area of Sundaland in south-west Asia, and many others

This caused a 1,000+year-long Ice Age resurrection with many cultural flood myths disrupting the lives of our ancestors with the extinction of the ancient animals: the long-tusked mammoths ( that we hunted and ate ), the huge sloths and the saber-toothed tigers ( that hunted and ate us! )

There are theories today that suggest that this event caused the loss of our undocumented sophisticated people, some of whom had built the religious place, Göbekli Tepe ( known as the "Potbelly Hill" ) right after this ∼11,800 BC; it was later completely buried for unknown reasons ( possibly for religious reasons/NFIA ) at ∼8,000 BC

It was rediscovered as the world's oldest temple in 1994 by the German archaeologist Klaus Schmidt, who recognized its massive T-shaped pillars as prehistoric; there are many other ancient cities that aren't linked to this, but are of interest!

Resuming my thoughts around Biblical history, things there are unavoidably odd… The King James Bible is literally surrounded by ∼450 earlier English translations, most of which (IMHO) were actually created by handfuls of priests who, in candle-lit basements selected certain scrolls from the hundreds of ancient scrolls, ignoring others such as The Gospel of Mary Magdalene, a critical untold story!!

Near to what was Eden ( above ) is an historical religious place that has been named "Göbekli Tepe" ( note 13c ), which has many circles of massive T-shaped stone pillars; it is today the world's oldest known megaliths; they are scientifically dated to ∼11,300 years ago, as described above

Stonehenge ( close to where I was born ) was built ∼5,000 years ago, & there are nearby Mesolithic astronomical sites that date back to 10,000 years ago. A written collection of Hindu religious texts & hymns also began in India ∼2,800 years ago

Today, a little more than the ⅓ of our 8+billion people have Christian beliefs ( see note 13d ), especially those in & around Rome, Italy—view the origins of the Biblical 10 Commandments in note 13e? About ¼ of them are Islamic, who do "submissions to the will of their God" 6 times a day on their prayer mats; 16% of them are Atheists ( where I am counted ) & 15% of them follow Hinduism… Many other smaller groups fill the remaining 10% or so

Moving on from my historical religiosity, our species grew & spread across the world through the Neolithic Ages

The last ice-age ended with the end of the Younger Dryas age ∼11,800 years ago, where the mile-high ice melted into the oceans, deepening them & making coastlines around the world move back onto land; people at that time lived in small groups, fishing for food at the beaches & had to move inland

This continued for several thousand years until the ancient Sumerian people of Mesopotamia ( another view ) started to appear ∼4,500 BC, building cities—they are also considered to be the world's 1st actual civilization… With several forms of religion ( yet with no apparent guidance from an actually physical religious-entity despite many Biblical reports ) they also built cities, created a written language, made sophisticated art, and are known for advancements in agriculture, astronomy, law, mathematics, & architecture

Today, the place is located in the countries of Iraq, Kuwait, & Syria

A YouTube podcast PDF "The Sumerians - Fall of the First Cities" by Paul Cooper ( who has many podcasts ) is worth 2+hours!

The Bronze Age began ∼5,000 years ago with our ancestors melting copper & tin together ( note 14 )
These people also found a better way ( with no apparent religious guidance ) to move their crops & such around more easily: using the wheel ( note 14d )… this facilitated the arrival of so many of our things!

They spent several wheel-less millennia before this as they farmed… the earliest wheels were cut-down trees that the builders of Stonehenge ( above? ) and of the Egyptian Pyramids were each used for "rolling" the huge stones

The Bronze Age ended in 1,200BC ( quite precisely 3,226 years ago as of this 2026 writing ) from an onslaught of drought, famines, earthquakes & volcanoes ( note 14b ), allowing the Iron Age to begin… The 4th event (of 5, at 30:20) in the hour-long published video story, "The Most Catastrophic Events in Earth's History" helps with the understanding of this disaster

Our ancestral blacksmiths went on to learn how to crank up their furnaces, small chimneys made of clay ( using charcoal & pumping air into the fire ) to smelt both Iron & Steel ( note 15 ), facilitating the slaughter of people across the world by our armored leaders & the like who walked, marched & rode huge war-horses wielding their swords

Many large battles were also fought with these weapons in England after 490AD; see another view?

Today's transportation on trains, boats, planes, cars, our bicycles & pushing our kids around in their perambulators would not exist without the discoveries of the wheel & of Iron/Steel, nor would our skyscrapers, bridges, those rocket ships & space-based places & other monumental structures that are also part of our future exist at all

Coming forwards a little, an incredibly important invention for the human race occurred in the late 4th millennium BC, ∼5,500 years ago: Sumerian writing ( note 16 ) appeared

They made historical & sales records, pieces of literature ( both in the form of poetic epics & stories ) as well as prayers & laws; created with triangular or wedge-shaped reeds onto moist 3+inch clay tablets which were dried & saved; see the WiKi page for details and watch this interesting YouTube video

Thoughts became more permanent than with stories told around our fireplaces, & we also wouldn't be typing out stories like this one, nor planning how to best design & deploy our recent journeys to the Moon without writing!!

The fabulous & famous Roman Empire began ∼2,750 years ago, lasting until their downfall in 480AD

The Roman troops ( each of whom were highly skilled in many areas ) were organized into one of the many Roman Legions that plundered, raped & captured people as slaves as the Empire expanded across Europe. I do believe that I may have an ancestral DNA connection back to a Roman ( with several pages of data ), "Magnus Maximus Clemens Macsen ap Wledig, of the Western Roman Empire" whom I had found in my tree research; his details are also here on a WiKi page. As well as the Roman link, I am also very likely to be from one of the many children of Genghis Khan… each of which are ( as yet! ) unproved but very possible!

The Romans built Rome, Constantinople & other cities, creating hundreds of long, straight & permanent Roman stone roads ( some of which can still be seen & are in use ), totaling ∼250,000 miles, as well as the 73-mile-long Hadrian's Wall ( just to the south of the English border with Scotland ) which was built "to keep the Northern barbarians away"

Roman builders determined how to use aqueducts to bring fresh water from the mountains to their villas, to bathe & to drink, & how to make slaves do all of the work that was needed for the rich & beautiful senate leaders

The Roman Empire also caused a massive religious event that changed the world for us more than 2,000 years ago… their political slaughter of "Jesus of Bethlehem" by the governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate, created the start of the Christian religious faith. The story has him hung on a cross ( for unproven crimes against the state ) with a "crown of thorns" & a Roman sword "thrust into his side" at the top of the Golgotha Hill ( also known as the Calvary Hill ), outside of the city walls of Jerusalem to die publicly & painfully to send a message of their power…

While this event above may perhaps (IMHO) have been a somewhat arguable "fact," it's enthusiastically supported around the world by today's Christian believers for His ( apparent ) Resurrection on our annual Easter Sunday… The annual celebration of His birth ( that was perhaps 30 years earlier ) on what today is known as our Christmas Day is also a part of today's King James' bible, where the event is actively reported in the Biblical Chapters of Matthew, Mark, Luke & John, each slightly different…

Christianity in Ethiopia ( view ) is one of the oldest & most distinct religious traditions in the world, tracing its origins back to the 4th century. It is today the dominant faith in the country, with approximately 63% of the population identifying as Christian

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
The church is their largest & oldest denomination, with between 36 & 51 million adherents
* Ancient Heritage: Ethiopia was the second nation (after Armenia) to officially adopt Christianity as a state religion ∼330 AD under King Ezana of Aksum
* Theology: The term "Tewahedo" (meaning "being made one") refers to the Miaphysite belief that Christ has one unified nature, both divine & human
* Unique Scripture: The Ethiopian Orthodox Bible consists of 81 books, significantly more than Western canons, including the Books of Enoch & Jubilees
* Biblical Claims: The church claims to possess the original Ark of the Covenant, believed to be kept in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Aksum

Traditions & Daily Life
* Rigorous Fasting: Believers follow one of the strictest fasting schedules in the world, with approximately 180 to 250 days of fasting per year where they consume only vegan meals
* Jewish Ties: Ethiopian Christianity incorporates many Old Testament practices, such as observing the Saturday Sabbath alongside Sunday, dietary laws (no pork), & infant circumcision
* Sacred Language: Liturgies are traditionally performed in Ge'ez, an ancient Semitic language that survives today primarily for religious use
* Rock-Hewn Architecture: The 12th-century monolithic churches of Lalibela are legendary, carved directly from volcanic rock as a "New Jerusalem"

Diversity of Faith While Orthodoxy is dominant, other Christian branches have significant presence:
* P'ent'ay (Protestants): This group has grown rapidly, making up about 18-22% of the population. They emphasize personal conversion & "salvation by faith"
* Catholics: A small minority, representing less than 1% of the population

As the 5th event (the last one of 5, at 39:40) in the hour-long published video story, "The Most Catastrophic Events in Earth's History" describes the Iceland volcano that darkened the skies in 536, and shares (at 44:38) that the Plague arrived a few years later in 541 as well as (at 48:55) the Black Death, destroying half of Europe

Moving away from religion once again & back to my ancestral data, perhaps the most remarkable discovery in my Family Tree research is a direct ancestral link to my 27th paternal Great-Grandfather, William I ( born in October, 1024 in Beauclerc, northern France; see note 17 ). He was known as the Duke of Normandy, later becoming the 1st Norman King of England by using his sword & his large army in the Battle of Hastings…

The battle was on Senlac Hill just seven miles NW of Hastings, Sussex in England on Saturday, October 14th in 1066; it was captured later in the Bayeux Tapestry. King Harold II of England ( the last Anglo-Saxon King ) was killed by Williams' Norman forces at the end of the bloody, all-day battle, shot in the eye with an arrow, according to legend; his forces were also destroyed

As a related note, another direct ancestral link to me was found: my 50th paternal Great-Grandfather, Dag DagsSon; a detailed historical linkage ( extracted from my family tree ) is shared by the PDF

For both of these, there's actual genetic history here, making me ( theoretically ) a battle-capable warrior!

Some of the direct ancestors in my tree data did live in England during both the artistic period of the English Renaissance from the late 15th century & before the working man's Industrial Revolution that began 200+years before my birth. They were farmers in Dorset, 150 miles south of Birmingham… that city became the 3rd largest in the country at that time. None of them were apparently inventors, nor were they apparently famous!

A more famous fellow ( who sadly has not yet been ascertained as one of my direct ancestors ) is James Clerk Maxwell ( note 18 ) who was the Scottish scientist that discovered electromagnetic radiation in 1862, the theory that brought together electricity, magnetism & light as manifestations of the same phenomenon… an interesting coincidence is that this came to light just 100 years before 1962, my 7th birthday!

Another extremely interesting Norwegian chap ( also sadly is not my ancestor & is amazingly un-famous! ) Victor Moritz Goldschmidt was the mineralogist in the early 1900's who became the founder of modern geochemistry & crystal chemistry. He was also the developer of the invaluable Classification of Elements, which provides the basis for modern research on the geochemical distribution of the elements, and his subsequent compilation of data on cosmic abundances was the key to later theories on element synthesis in stars & supernovae. His work drives almost every aspect of today's technical, mechanical & industrial world

These two ( & many others scientists, both famous & less-so ) brought us the era of modern physics, laying the foundation for such delights as Einstein's special relativity theory & Dirac & Schrödinger's view of quantum mechanics, each of which are essential in today's world of computing & coding, as well as all those trains/boats/planes/cars & our bicycles that are described above

Considering the many things I've captured so far, "Time" is the single thing ( note 19a ) that flows from the past to today in my story. Two contrasting viewpoints on time share that (1) time is "a part of the fundamental structure of the universe" ( my CLS "tick-tock" clocks ) and (2) that time ( space-time, perhaps? ) differs in that "time is neither an event nor a thing, & is thus not itself measurable, nor can it be traveled"

Temporal measurement has preoccupied scientists & technologists since centuries past, making it the prime motivator of navigation, astronomy & the like. Periodic events & any periodic motions serve as standards for units of time; examples include the motion of the Sun across the sky ( from East to West, anywhere on the Earth aside from being near to the poles ), the phases of our Moon ( which were used by the Babylonians to create our 7-day week—scroll down to "Ivar Kristvik" ), the swing of a pendulum, the beat of a heart, etc

Today's computers are continually shrinking & are presently nearing the physical limit of using Picoseconds
( 1 trillionth of a second ) in their processing. Today's international standard unit of our time is that 1 second is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of cesium atoms, pretty precisely!

Although I've experienced agonizing & extremely bad days throughout my life, I am blessed with…
   My parents ( now R.I.P. ), who each helped start up my life as well as my paternal grandparents
   My extensive learning from a dozen years at school, several more in the British Army & 30+years of working
   My 1998 brain tumor, which still remains good (!) & my sad life-changing Army incident
   My brothers & my many friends ( past, present & R.I.P. ) around the world whom each bring me great memories
   My invaluable sons, Stu who happily married Jill in October, 2008 & Alex, who I sadly lost in 2002
   My beloved wife & her family—her 2 children & their spouses have these 4 grandkids
   I was renamed "Grampy Don" in early 2014 by my 1st grandson, Max… *such* a delight!!
*EACH* of these things have brought me to where I am today, an aging & quite contented grandfather,
   living happily in the Southern United States!

One final note for the end of Ms. Gigi's very, very long family branch of my tree: I've caught & tracked a number of things about myself, along with some future threads as well as my Bio page… Enjoy!

You can also visit my dynamic tree or my Ancestry tree, both of which hold virtual duplicates of my current local tree data…

Feel free to share your thoughts, comments or criticisms etc via eMail? Cheers!

Some relevant advisories:
    (1) My family tree data is All Rights Reserved © April, 1988 – today's date Don Shave
    (2) My Copyrighted (©) web pages do not hold any Fake data, nor are they using any AI enhancements
    3) As legal issues can surround such things as my published advice & opinions,
          my Privacy Policy & Disclaimers page is a mandatory addition… please review?

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