This is Don's "Whom We Might Be" Story
The page shares
some key events that occurred since my
childhood
years
& a look at many things "before" me…
Please also view my
"future thoughts"
page as well as my
personal profile
for my info?
Enjoy!
At the creation & publication of this page in 2016, I was blessed to have lived for 60+ years since my birth.
This calculates out to be around 346,000 wide-awake & thinking hours using the
Gregorian Calendar
vs. the use of an ancient
sundial…
The timeframe coincidentally ran over the intersection of Two Full Millennia: 1,000’s & the 2,000’s
& with some luck (& medical help!), I do hope to live on into the 2080's ;)
It was *extremely* good luck that my life didn't begin several hundred years earlier, as I will share later in the story!
My paternal family surname of
Shave
evolved over several hundred years,
most likely from Northern Germanic surnames such as "Schave;" no-one of that name is (yet!) in my tree data…
Similar spellings include "Stave" / "Shade" / "Shane" / "Shake" / "Shack" / "Shaver" / "Schave" / "Shive" / “Shaw” and "Shadel"
A source for these names are the
Oxford Dictionary of British Family Names © 2016, Oxford University Press,
the most comprehensive research resource I could find, containing more than 45,000 surnames
Looking "outside” of myself, the
bazillion-bazillion-bazillions
(about 1078 to 1082)
of tiny
atoms,
sized at
10-8cm
in our observable universe allowed humans to evolve…
We all came from
Ancient Stardust—a scientific
theory
that I strongly believe to be true!
The standard for 1078th etc numbers is
here
I do continue to search for active clues about the start of our human existence, as well as its’ probable end…
1) Assuming that a
“Big Bang”
was an actual fact (which I do), what caused the occurrence of the Singularity
event ~13.8 billion years ago? More on this below…
2) Why did we not begin evolving until quite some time after the extremely nasty
Hadean Eon
period?
3) How (and from where?) did the early Earth actually get its bazillions of gallons of
water?
4) What *actually* caused life on Earth (after the arrival of water) to form
538.8 million
years ago with the start
of the
Cambrian period?
5) It does seem that
“We Were Once Worms”—why?
6) How might our Universe
end, & when?
Theories abound for such hard-to-answer thoughts (and for others!) & are frequently in my mind!
A historical report (April, 2021) advised that ~117 billion of our ancestors have all departed from their lives…
About 8 billion people are alive today; info is in note 1—for these links, use the “backspace” arrow to return…
The key factors drive that our future growth are population, prosperity & climate change. We can also anticipate that there will be 9.8—10.4 billion people from the next 2-3 generations, with most of the increases around Africa & Asia where many difficulties will exist around water availability & other future complexities
Returning from my "looking outside," the conceptual human tree I am using shares that our human branch took root about 12- or 13-million years ago,
where an African Great Ape
(see the visual matrix below for details?)
became our “GGG-Grandmother”
(with many, many GG's!)
whom I shall name as "Ms. Pappoús," from the Greeks…
As a brief aside, while this idea can only ever be "a theory" until science advances further, discovering more in the future,
I happen to personally support this concept very deeply!
My views here are from the logical assessment of what the "very top of our tree" would have actually looked like, a set of threads from
Charles Darwin's concepts about the evolution of humans & an improved view of all life from Richard Dawkins; details are shared below
Ms. Pappoús
(who sadly remains unknowable, other than with my speculative assessment)
is imagined here as
“Concestor 1,”
shared in Richard Dawkins’ book
"The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life"
( note 3b )
She was an
Australopithecus
"Common Mother" who birthed two daughters
without any kind of “religious” marriage, or rings for her fingers, nor any baptisms for her children…
Such religious references, thoughts & comments throughout are *exclusively* my opinion
One of her many daughters (whom I've named as "Baba") became the 1st mother of today's
Chimpanzees
& another daughter (whom I've named as "Gigi") became the 1st mother of us, the Homo Sapiens species…
Gigi's offspring then evolved, branching & spreading out from what has been established as their original home in the
Great Rift Valley of East Africa
(with other possible
locations)
across the world
( note 2 )
where our Homo Sapiens ancestral branch actually started out as long ago as 313,600 years…
A detailed view of human prehistory is viewable
here;
also watch this
PBS
report for an African perspective?
Interestingly enough, mitochondrial DNA
(thru our mothers, see note 2c)
can be traced back to the start of our tree branch & possibly further.
A map of our evolution is attached to my online profile
here
(scroll down to view the image in the "Story" event?),
showing who we once were, & where we once lived…
Many other threads surrounding the descending familial tree line of Ms. Pappoús are caught below in my timeline
The geologic ancestors of Ms. Pappoús are another fascinating story…
Richard Dawkins
( note 3a )
wrote one of the best books I've ever read, sharing the idea that we are descended from many, many "Concestors" which he defines (on p.7 of his book) as:
"[…] in a backward chronology, the ancestors of any set of species must eventually meet at a particular
Geologic moment… the last common ancestor that they all share, what I shall call their 'Concestor' […]"
making his book a very worthy tale!!
Some key points of the "evolution of us" are
a) our 4 fingers/thumb on each hand (with which I typed out this story!) from the fins of a fish,
b) a pair of eyeballs (with which you're currently reading this!),
c) our gut which evolved from worms, 550 million years ago &
d) how we became 2-legged upright walkers
We normally think very little of these things
(unless hammering on a nail & missing [ ouch ! ] or catching some dust with one of our eyes),
yet these are each *extremely* early developments, far, far before "Concestor 1"…
Tiny worms (the size of a grain of rice) lived as Dawkins’
“Concestor 26”
on the seafloors about 555 million years ago consuming organic matter and evolving to become our digestive tract:
A mouth (to chew up stuff);
The throat, where we swallow our food (and coincidentally where we breathe & speak!);
A tube that carries food down to our stomach, where the digestion is done;
Another tube continues on down (and around) from our stomach, absorbing the digested food;
As it reaches the end of that tube, it is passed out as poop, possible as food for other creatures…
With the
Cambrian explosion
about 540 million years ago, fish & other creatures developed fins & eyes a very, very long time before they
left the ocean
to come ashore about 375 million years ago…
A scientific publication in Feb, 2024 shared that our distant cousins (sea lampreys) use a very similar genetic toolkit to build our hindbrains…
view the article
here?
Many details are embedded, but the
Hox genes,
which orchestrate the structuring & subdividing of our brains also regulate this process in the sea lamprey—quite a find!
Looking further back into the ancient history of all
life on Earth,
the idea of "Last Universal Common Ancestor"
LUCA
was first used in the 1990s to propose a theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process,
shared by Charles Darwin’s 1859 “On the Origin of Species” book… while there’s zero evidence of this (not preservable) it does seem to be the root!
My thought (above) on how we as a species learned to walk upright
( note 3d )
on two legs vs. our 4-legged ancestral apes is from that skull of a small 10-million-year-old ape (named "Rudapithecus Hungaricus") that had been found & documented in 1985; a more recent complete skeleton was also found near an old mining town in Rudabánya, Hungary, Central Europe, which is known for its picturesque turquoise-blue quarry water.
The find shared the pelvic structure, a rare skeletal event, that led to more & better insight into the ancestors of African apes and humans which had been assessed as walking on two legs 6 or 7 million years ago
( note 3e )
These threads (and many other attributes) are shared in an interesting documentary
video,
"Your Inner Fish" by one of the PBS stations in the US of A on April 9, 2014
( note 3c ),
which shares the idea that we evolved from that little fish that climbed up out of the water
as well as in Jeff Lewis’
evolution
thoughts …
While this "story of us" actually began an enormously long time ago (by any of our human standards), many ancient activities & events have been understood & validated by our current scientists & their predecessors
Today's knowledge of our Universe
( note 4a )
suggests that a "Big Bang"
(aka a Singularity, note 4b)
created all of the initial basic matter around 13.8 billion years ago, and although only an estimate (with nothing but scientific guesses) it may all simply evaporate with the expansion of normal & dark matter at the very end of time!
Our star, the Sun (on the Orion Arm of the Milky Way galaxy) self-ignited
( note 5 )
about 4.6 billion years ago, subsequently creating our planets…
this included the Earth, which, with all of it’s water allowed life as we know it
( note 6 )
to begin about 3.5 billion years ago
The intervening years (prior to the arrival of Dawkins' "Concestor 1") are filled with simply incredible things…
- > The "Hadean Eon" ( note 6a ) was a really nasty time during the early formation of Earth. A scientific theory has the early gas-giant planet Jupiter falling into the Sun prior to the Hadean Eon… This would have destroyed our Solar System but it was caught & held in its current orbit by the formation of it's neighboring gas-giant, Saturn. There are also theories about the role Jupiter played in the existence of our water!!
> Dawkins' Tale, which shares the 39 rendezvous moments with the 1st life that is our root, arriving with "Concestor 27," the worms
> The repetitive loss of 99% of *all life* on Earth ( note 7 ), that ended with the unfortunate arrival (for the reptiles of that time, who had peaked during the Jurassic period; see note 8a) of a 6-mile-wide asteroid
65 million years ago ( note 8b ) that permitted the start of our existence
Our
evolution
into the Homo Sapiens species
( note 9 )
started with the beginnings of improved brains ~2.3 million years ago…
as our ancient ancestors
Homo Habilis
began appearing
(as
Australopithecines
faded away, living alongside them in
Africa)
they increased their
brains’
capacity…
click (twice) on any species shown for details?
Our Cerebral Cortex had already been expanding for quite some time but the arrival of
“Broca's area”
was the key to better communication,
improving human speech from "grunt-grunt-grunt" to "Hey, get me that beer?"
(yes, they likely had something like
Mead
back then!)
as well as pretty much everything that existed for them
A little further back in time, an ancient tiny
Australopithecine
skeleton from 3+ million years ago was discovered in the
Great Rift Valley of East Africa
and was named as “Lucy”
( note 12a );
she is tagged here as a great-great-…grandchild of Gigi—also, see the
older
find, above?
In November of 1974, anthropologist Donald Johanson had caught a glint of a white fossilized bone out of the corner of his eye at
Hadar, Ethiopia,
recognizing it as this hominin, becoming famous;
Richard & Mary Leakey have also done significant work in this region
Ongoing research into “whom we might have been” recently found a connection of our
Homo Sapiens
species into our historical beginnings that is far, far earlier than all had thought!
The earliest confirmed footprints are now dated back to around 313,600 years ago,
published
November 10th, 2022
[quote:] after collecting samples from the various levels [in the dig], & another two [taken] later to compare the first results, the age of the fossil remains was established & points to the Middle Pleistocene, a crucial moment between different climatic stages: between a warm period, MIS 9 (360,000-300,000 years ago), in transition to MIS 8 (300,000-240,000 years ago), in which a major glaciation took place. The age is thus specified at 295,800 years, with a margin of error of 17,800 years, according to the data collected from the four samples of sedimentary levels in the cliffs of El Asperillo where the site was found, initially 87 footprints, which now has a record of more than 300 footprints, of which 10% are considered well-preserved […]
Previously, a research-based discovery of our (then) earliest
ancestors
had pushed the date back by 60,000 years from what was then thought as 195,000 years ago (233k+/-22k years);
this work was done in the
Omo Kibish Formation,
where stratigraphic descriptions & sampling were carried out during two field seasons in 2017 & 2018
A recent discovery of another ancestral branch, preliminarily named as
“Homo Naledi”
(another view)
was a group
that lived in South Africa between 335,000 and 241,000 years ago at the same time as early Homo Sapiens;
an excellent
Origins
website is provided for these & other African ancestors by the team at the WI University!
The remains of 15 individuals were found in the Dinaledi Chamber of the
Rising Star Cave
system in South Africa, making it one of the largest single fossil hominid caches known…
Their remains appear to show that they may have held
burial
beliefs;
a
Netflix documentary
review does shares some critical info as science has not yet settled the issue…
The multiple threads of "who was related to whom" (or Biblically, “who begat whom”) during the distant past years continue to be highly debated, with no apparent prayers or religious events occurring for any of them…
A related thought is the almost-disastrous human species event ~75,000 years ago:
a super-volcano
( note 10 )
in present-day Lake Toba (which is in Sumatra, Indonesia) blew itself to smithereens, bringing the active pool of human-mating pairs down to less than 1,000 couples…
we were almost completely wiped out
The people that became "us" evolved from cave-dwellers, breaking stones into tools & moving away from the Rift Valley (perhaps 1.5 million years ago), where the use & control of fire to cook their hunted meats all started
The Neanderthal people
( see note 12b
and info for the
Denisovans )
existed for 400,000 years in Europe with no apparent religious tokens or perspectives;
they were a highly-thoughtful race of people, with far larger brains than ours.
While they were still around about 50,000 years ago (there is fossil evidence), their final
extinction
may have arrived near to that time; no-one really knows why or how, just that they are gone, possibly killed or cross-bred with us…
A thread of our ancient artworks was the
discovery
of a pair of 2-inch rock slivers by Christopher Henshilwood’s team in the Blombos caves (180 miles east of Cape Town, Africa) in 1999/2000.
The 2 red-ochre stones each have etched symbolic patterns & are from 77,000 years ago, currently reported by archaeologists as the oldest works of art in the world.
The rock art is twice as old as the Stone Age cave paintings (see below), clearly demonstrating that humans living at this time possessed modern patterns of thought
Another is the Stone Age cave paintings, a part of the ancient works of art
( notes 11 & 12c ),
found in Southern France & in other places
(with no actual religious specificity, although they are clearly cultural in nature)
that date back roughly 40,000 years ago (scientific analysis of the art);
they were often "signed" by stenciling the hand of the author, exactly like yours & mine!
One of these males (another great-great-…-grandchild of Gigi's) was one of our individual GGG-Grandfathers, perhaps 2,500 generations back
Another fascinating cultural discovery was the earliest known representation of the hand-held-sized female
“Venus figurines”
around 29,000 years ago—most commonly found in a) the Gravettian area of the French Upper Périgordian, b) the Czech Pavlovian, & c) the West Russian Kostenkian.
The figurines each include
a downturned head with no face,
thin arms which end at (or cross over at) the breasts,
voluminous breasts & buttocks,
a prominent abdomen (interpreted as pregnancy),
tiny & bent legs,
and pegged (or unnaturally short) feet.
They vary in proportion, and it is still debated if this is due to material choice or if they were intentional design choices;
it is suggested that the Venuses from Eastern European have an emphasis on breasts & stomach, whereas the Western European ones emphasize hips & thighs
The people described above moved across Europe (& around the planet) during the hundreds of thousands of years of the Stone Age,
evolving from cave-dwelling hunters to a life of wandering gatherers,
knapping flints & obsidian for skinning &
cutting, grinding antlers & bones into sharp tools to sew and assist with our lives,
managing our fires &
poking
saber-tooth tigers,
cave bears
and their ilk in the eye to survive & become us…
During the
Upper Paleolithic
around 30,000 years ago,
the “Last Glacial Maximum” occurred, allowing the glaciers to start shrinking to free up our existence,
rock-painting traditions began in Bhimbetka, India (which presently is the densest-known concentration of rock art)
where about 800 rock shelters contained paintings & the earliest ovens were found—our civilization began
Our survival of the Quaternary Ice Ages (2.5 million years ago) was simply the key to our roots…
The prior Ice Age ended around 18,000 years ago, bringing the start of the Neolithic Age to us about 12,000 years ago & creating the first “Agricultural Revolution"
( note 13a ).
This was where today's world of farming & animal husbandry (with no apparent plan or guidance, especially not from some "Supreme Being") began about 11,500 years ago in the "Fertile Crescent"
( note 13b ),
an ancient region between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, and in parts of Kuwait, Syria, Turkey & Iran
Cultural ideas (Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism & other religious entities) begin to
appear
in this part of the world.
The
Christianic
concept of a "Fertile Crescent" is in the first threads to appear in the chapter of Genesis from today's Bible:
"God had planted a Garden in the East, in Eden"…
Near to Eden is a religious place named "Göbekli Tepe"
( note 13c )
with circles of massive T-shaped stone pillars, which are today the world's oldest known megaliths; they are scientifically dated to 11,300 years ago.
Stonehenge (close to where I was born) was built around 5,000 years ago, and there are nearby Mesolithic astronomical sites that date back to 10,000 years ago.
A written collection of Hindu religious texts & hymns also began in India around 2,800 years ago
Today, a third of all of the world's people
(about 3 billion are Christian
( note 13d ),
especially those in & around Rome, Italy;
a quarter are
Islamic,
“submission to the will of God”;
16% are
Atheists (where I am counted)
and 15% follow
Hinduism…
many other smaller groups fill the remaining 10% or so
Moving on from my historical religiosity, our species grew & spread across the world through the Neolithic Ages
The last ice-age ended with the
Younger Dryas
around 11,700 years ago, where the mile-high ice started to melt into the oceans, deepening them & making coastlines around the world move back onto land;
people at that time lived in small groups, fishing for food at the beaches and had to move inland
This continued for several thousand years until the ancient
Sumerian
people of
Mesopotamia
(another view)
started to appear around 4,500 BC, building cities—they are also considered to be the world's 1st actual civilization…
With several forms of religion
(yet with no apparent guidance from an actually physical religious-entity despite many Biblical reports)
they also
built cities,
created a written language,
made sophisticated art,
and are known for advancements in agriculture, astronomy, law, mathematics, and architecture
Today, the place is located in the countries of Iraq, Kuwait, & Syria
A YouTube podcast
“The Sumerians - Fall of the First Cities”
by Paul Cooper (who has many podcasts) is worth 2+ hours!
The Bronze Age began by their discovery of melting copper & tin together
( note 14 )
about 5,000 years ago.
These people also found a better way (with no apparent religious guidance) to move their crops & such around more easily: the wheel
( note 14d )…
this facilitated the arrival of so many of our things!
They must have spent several wheel-less millennia before this as they farmed… early wheels came from the use of tree-trunks that the builders of Stonehenge
(above)
and the Pyramids used for “rolling” the huge stones
The Bronze Age ended quite precisely 3,200 years ago, caused by an onslaught of drought, famines, earthquakes & volcanoes
( note 14b ),
allowing the Iron Age to begin…
Our ancestral blacksmiths went on to learn how to crank up their furnaces, small chimneys made of clay (using charcoal and pumping air into the fire) to smelt Iron & Steel
( note 15 ),
facilitating the slaughter of people across the world by our armored leaders & the like who walked, marched and rode huge war-horses wielding their swords
Today's transportation on trains, boats, planes, cars, our bicycles & pushing our kids around in their
perambulators
would not exist without the discoveries of the wheel & of Iron/Steel, nor would our skyscrapers, bridges, those rocket ships & space-based places and other monumental structures that are also part of our future exist at all
Coming forwards a little, an incredibly important invention for the human race occurred in the late 4th millennium BC, around 5,500 years ago:
Sumerian writing
( note 16 )
appeared
They made historical and sales records, pieces of literature (both in the form of poetic epics and stories) as well as prayers and laws;
created with triangular or wedge-shaped reeds onto moist 3+inch clay tablets which were dried and saved;
see the
WiKi
page for details
and watch this interesting
YouTube
video
Thoughts became more permanent than with stories told around our fireplaces, and we also wouldn't be typing out stories like this one, nor planning how to best design & deploy our recent journeys to the Moon without writing!!
The fabulous & famous Roman Empire appeared 2,750 years ago, lasting until their downfall in 480. Roman troops, highly skilled & organized, plundered, raped and captured people as slaves as the Empire expanded across Europe. They built Rome, Constantinople & other cities, and created hundreds of long, straight and permanent Roman roads (some of which can still be seen & are in use), totaling 250,000 miles, as well as the 73-mile long Hadrian's Wall (just south of the border with Scotland) which was built "to keep the Northern barbarians away"
Roman builders determined how to use aqueducts to bring fresh water from the mountains to their villas, to bathe & to drink, and how to make slaves do all of the work that was needed for the rich & beautiful senate leaders
The Roman Empire also caused a massive religious event that changed the world for us 2,000+ years ago, where their political slaughter of "Jesus of Bethlehem" by the governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate, created the start of the Christian religious faith.
The story has him hung on a cross (for unproven crimes against the state) with a “crown of thorns” and a Roman sword “thrust into his side” at the top of the
Golgotha
(Calvary) hill, which is outside of the city walls of Jerusalem to die publicly & painfully to send a message of their power…
While this event may perhaps be a somewhat arguable
“fact,”
it’s enthusiastically supported around the world by today's Christian
believers
for His (apparent)
Resurrection
on our annual Easter Sunday…
The annual celebration of His birth perhaps 30 years earlier on our
Christmas Day
is also a part of today's King James'
Bible
where the event is actively reported in the Biblical Chapters of Matthew, Mark, Luke & John, each slightly different
Biblical history is unavoidably odd… it’s surrounded by 450 earlier
English translations,
most of which (IMHO) were actually created by handfuls of priests who, in candle-lit basements selected certain scrolls from the hundreds of ancient scrolls, ignoring others such as
The Gospel of Mary Magdalene,
a critical untold story!!
Moving away from religion again & back to my ancestral data,
perhaps the most remarkable discovery in my family tree research was that
William I
(born in October, 1024 in Beauclerc, northern France) was a direct ancestral link, my 27th Great-Grandfather!
( note 17 )
He was the Duke of Normandy, and later became the 1st Norman King of England by his sword & his large army in the
Battle of Hastings…
The battle was fought on Senlac Hill, just seven miles NW of Hastings, Sussex in England on a Saturday, October 14th, in 1066.
The last Anglo-Saxon King, Harold II of England was killed by Williams' Norman forces at the end of the bloody, all-day battle, shot in the eye with an arrow, according to legend; his forces were also destroyed. There's actual genetic history here, making me (theoretically) a battle-capable warrior!
While some of my direct ancestors lived in England during both the artistic
English Renaissance
from the late 15th century & before the working man's
Industrial Revolution
that began 200+ years before my birth, they were farmers in Dorset, 150 miles south of Birmingham… that city became the 3rd largest in the country at that time. None of them were apparently inventors, nor were they apparently famous…
A more famous fellow is James Clerk Maxwell
( note 18 )
was the Scottish scientist
(who sadly has not yet been ascertained as one of my direct ancestors)
that discovered electromagnetic radiation in 1862, the theory that brought together electricity, magnetism & light as manifestations of the same phenomenon… an interesting coincidence is that this came to light just 100 years before 1962, my 7th birthday!
Another extremely interesting Norwegian chap (also sadly is not my ancestor & is amazingly un-famous!)
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt
was the mineralogist in the early 1900’s who became the founder of modern geochemistry & crystal chemistry.
He was also the developer of the invaluable
Classification of Elements,
which provides the basis for modern research on the geochemical
distribution of the elements,
and his subsequent compilation of data on cosmic abundances was the key to later theories on element synthesis in stars & supernovae.
His work drives almost every aspect of today’s technical, mechanical & industrial world
These two (and many others scientists, both famous & less-so) brought us the era of modern physics, laying the foundation for such delights as Einstein's special
relativity
theory and Dirac & Schrödinger’s view of
quantum mechanics,
each of which are essential in today's world of computing & coding, as well as all those trains/boats/planes/cars & our bicycles that are described
above
Considering the many things I've captured so far, "time" is the single thing
( note 19a )
that flows from the past to today in my story.
Two
contrasting
viewpoints on time share that (1) time is "a part of the fundamental structure of the universe"
(my CLS "tick-tock"
clocks)
and (2) that time (space-time, perhaps?) differs in that "time is neither an event nor a thing, and is thus not itself measurable, nor can it be traveled"
Temporal measurement has preoccupied scientists & technologists since centuries past, making it the prime motivator of navigation, astronomy & the like.
Periodic events & any periodic motions serve as standards for units of time; examples include
the motion of the Sun across the sky (from East to West, anywhere on the Earth aside from being near to the poles),
the phases of our Moon (which were used by the Babylonians to create our 7-day
week—scroll down to "Ivar Kristvik"),
the swing of a pendulum,
the beat of a heart, etc
Today's computers are continually shrinking & are presently nearing the physical limit of using Picoseconds
(1
trillionth
of a second) in their processing.
Today's international standard unit of our time is that 1 second is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of cesium atoms, pretty precisely!
Around 46 BC, Julius Ceaser directed
Sosigenes of Alexandria
to devise a better calendar than the seasonal tool that they were using at that time.
A measurement of daily time was made back then by the use of a "clepsydra" (a water clock, 1st noted to have been in use a thousand years earlier, when the priests at Karnak were determining hours with these) and the use of a Greek sundial, providing time measures that led to our hours & then to our minutes in the early middle ages, actually 1st recorded in 1267
Julius Ceaser restructured the new Roman calendar a couple years later to better cover each annual cycle that we make around the Sun (once thought to be the Sun moving around the Earth, considered the central point of everything!) from 10 months to 12 months.
The 1st month was also changed at that time from March to January, and the 2nd month became February. July & August were also moved out to the 7th & 8th months and were renamed as July (which had been named "Quintilis," Latin for fifth) after Julius Ceaser in his honor, & August (named at that time as "Sextillia," sixth) was named after Augustus Ceaser 35 years later…
The remaining months (September thru December) still have names that reflect derivations of their Romanic index, September from "septem" (seven), October from "octo" (eight), etc, etc
As an interesting aside, Julian dates (used in computer programming) differ totally: a Julian date is the number of elapsed days since the beginning of a fixed cycle, invented in 1583, designed to simplify computing a difference between two calendar dates
Today's Gregorian calendar was amended by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 to correct for the inadvertent Leap Year error.
An extra day had been inserted in the Julian calendar at the end of February every 4th year to correct for a year of 365.25 days,
but because the Romans couldn't measure time with sufficient precision
(today, a year takes 365.242 days, which will certainly change in the future!),
a Julian year was discovered to be too long at that time by exactly 11 minutes & 14 seconds
To close, I've experienced some agonizing & extremely bad days during my 6+decades, yet I can share that…
my parents & grandparents (all sadly RIP) happily helped to start up my life;
my extensive learning from a dozen years of schooling, several in the British Army & 30+ years of working;
my now 26+ year-old
brain tumor
(which remains good!);
my brothers & my many friends (past, present & RIP) around the world all bring me great memories;
my invaluable sons, one happily married & one sadly
lost;
and, my beloved wife & her family—her 2 children & spouses have these 4
grandkids
I was also renamed "Grampy Don" in November 2014 by my grandson,
Max…
*such* a delight!!
*EACH* of these things have brought me to where I am
today,
an aging & quite contented grandfather,
living happily in the Southern United States!
One final note for the end of Ms. Gigi's long, long family branch of my tree:
I've caught & tracked a number of things about myself, along with some future
threads
as well as my
Bio page…
Enjoy!
You can also visit my dynamic tree or my Ancestry tree, both of which hold virtual duplicates of my current local tree data… Note: Ancestry requires you to sign in; eMail me if you need help?
Feel free to share your thoughts, comments or criticisms etc via eMail? Cheers!
Some relevant advisories:
(1) My family tree data is All Rights Reserved © April/1988 – date Don Shave
(2) My Copyrighted (©) web pages do not hold any
Fake
data, nor are they using any
AI enhancements
(3) As
legal issues
can surround such things as my published advice & opinions,
my
Privacy Policy & Disclaimers
page is a mandatory addition… please review?
Created with RootsMagic Genealogy Software in April, 2016 & last updated in
October, 2024
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